Category: Analytical Chemistry

Cyclic voltammetry is a powerful electrochemical technique used to study the redox reactions of compounds in solution. Researchers can obtain valuable information about the electron transfer processes at the electrode surface by applying a potential sweep to an electrochemical cell and measuring the resulting current. [1-4] Cyclic voltammetry involves cycling the potential of an electrode… Continue reading Cyclic Voltammetry

English scientist Michael Faraday formulated two fundamental laws in 1833 that govern the process of electrolysis. These laws, known as Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis, are crucial in understanding the relationship between the amount of substance produced or consumed during electrolysis and the electric charge passed through the electrolyte. [1-4] Faraday’s First Law Faraday’s First Law… Continue reading Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis

Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique for identifying and quantifying molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio. It is a method to determine a sample’s chemical composition by measuring the mass of its individual components. [1-4] Principle A mass spectrometer is the instrument used to perform mass spectrometry. It works by ionizing chemical compounds to… Continue reading Mass Spectrometry

Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method used in analytical chemistry to determine the amount of a substance present in a sample by measuring its mass. This technique relies on the principles of precipitation and weighing to isolate and quantify the analyte of interest. This method is often used in environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis, and quality… Continue reading Gravimetric Analysis

Galvanization is a process that involves applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron to prevent corrosion. This technique has been widely used for many years due to its effectiveness in increasing the lifespan and durability of metal structures. Galvanization is typically achieved through a hot-dip galvanizing process, where the metal is immersed in… Continue reading Galvanization

Corrosion is a natural process that occurs when metals and other materials undergo chemical reactions with their environment, resulting in their gradual deterioration. Corrosion, driven by moisture, oxygen, and corrosive substances, hastens metal deterioration, resulting in rust and tarnish. It is essential to understand corrosion as it can have significant economic, safety, and environmental implications.… Continue reading Corrosion

The electrochemical series is a list that provides insights into the behavior of chemical elements and their compounds in various chemical reactions. It ranks elements based on their standard electrode potentials, correlating with their tendency to gain or lose electrons. This series effectively arranges elements in order of increasing or decreasing electrochemical activity, depending on… Continue reading Electrochemical Series

The Nernst equation is used to calculate the electrochemical cell potential at any known pressure, temperature, and concentration. This equation relates the reduction potential of a cell at a non-standard condition to that at the standard conditions.[1-4] An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells, each containing a different electrode immersed in an electrolyte solution. These… Continue reading Nernst Equation

Chemical reactivity measures how readily a substance undergoes a chemical reaction by itself or by reacting with another substance. From a thermodynamic point of view, a chemical reaction occurs when the products have lower free energy than the reactants. The reaction is accompanied by a release of energy, allowing the products to reach a stable… Continue reading Chemical Reactivity

The reactivity series of metals is a list of metals arranged in their order of reactivity from highest to lowest. At the top of the list are the highly reactive metals that lose electrons during a chemical reaction to form ions. At the bottom are the least reactive metals. During a single-displacement reaction, a metal… Continue reading Reactivity Series

Electroplating, also known as electrodeposition, is the process of depositing one metal onto another through controlled electrolysis. This process results in a thin layer of precious metal coated over the surface of cheap metal. It is mainly used to change the appearance of a substance by making a dull surface look shiny. Many metals like… Continue reading Electroplating

The process of decomposing water (H2O) into hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH–) ions by passing an electric current through it is called electrolysis. The ions move to the opposite electrodes to liberate pure hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases. It is a nonspontaneous redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction. Since heat in the form of electricity is supplied… Continue reading Electrolysis of Water

What is Electrolysis Electrolysis separates chemically bonded ionic substances and compounds by passing an electric current through them. It uses a direct current (DC) to drive a non-spontaneous reaction that occurs during the process [1-4]. English physicist Michael Faraday popularized electrolysis in the 19th century. How Does Electrolysis Work Electrolysis is carried out in an… Continue reading Electrolysis

Differential scanning calorimetry Definition The term “differential scanning calorimetry” describes an instrument that measures energy directly and allows precise measurements of heat capacity. This technique is widely used to measure the difference in the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample and standard reference. The resultant heat difference is a function… Continue reading Differential scanning calorimetry

Atomic emission spectroscopy or AES is a procedure of analyzing chemicals that employs the intensity of light from a plasma, flame, arc or spark at a definite wavelength to calculate the quantitative presence of an element in a particular sample. The atomic spectral line wavelength identifies the element and the intensity of light is proportional… Continue reading Atomic Emission Spectroscopy